Handicrafts of Turkmenistan
Cultural covering - to that group of industries in which human skill, taste and vision play a fundamental role, and in general, all or most of the steps of making its products are done by hand and within the framework of the culture and vision of each region and with ethnic perspectives. It is made and paid, it is called handicraft. In fact, handicrafts are a reflection of the history of civilization of each nation and can effectively spread the culture and customs of different regions. In Turkmen Sahara, handicrafts are particularly prosperous. Among these activities, we can mention carpet weaving, needlework, making felt, juval, mushrooms, handbags, etc., although it is very important from the economic point of view and the role of women in economic activities. In the following, a number of handicrafts of Turkmenistan have been introduced, which are as follows:
> Turkmen carpet weaving:
Carpet weaving is the main handicraft of Turkmenistan, which is common only among Turkmen women. Since ancient times, Turkmen women and girls have been engaged in carpet weaving and have passed this art from one generation to another, and carpet weaving has been one of the most important ways of livelihood among Turkmen. The best types of Turkmen carpets in Iran are also woven by the women of Il Teke (the name of the tribe and tribe), which is the main center of this tribe, fourteen miles northwest of Gonbadkavus. In the weaving of exquisite carpets, the Atabai and Jafar Bai families are also famous. In general, Turkmen carpets and rugs have a Turkish knot, which is mainly woven on horizontal machines, but due to the unsanitary nature of horizontal looms, it is currently being tried to use vertical looms.
The most important handicraft of Turkmenistan is carpet weaving
Although lacquer and burgundy colors are more visible in the dyeing of carpets and handicrafts of Turkmenistan, other colors such as white, black, dark red, camel and other colors are also used to decorate the weaves. . In the past, natural plants were used to dye the weaves, and like in other regions of Iran, the skin of pomegranate, runas, indigo, turmeric, all kinds of desert plants, and the wood of Boya or Boye, and especially the red seed, which is the name of an insect, were used. But now sometimes chemically unstable colors have filled their place. The origin of the pattern of Turkmen carpets is the manifestations of nature and their living environment, the design of Turkmen carpets is mostly broken and geometric, and one of its features can be mentioned the assimilation of motifs. There are more than 100 types of Turkmen carpet motifs, the most important of which are Mari Gul, Der Naq Gul, Qafse Gul, Teke Gul, Ansi, Qazl Iyaq, Twin Gul, Ghosh Gul, Avghan Gul, Taj Haruz, Panjara Aragul, and Agh Naqsh. is.
> Turkmen jewelry:
Among other handicrafts of Turkmenistan, we can mention traditional ornaments, which are very distinctive and unique compared to other races, which are used to adorn women's clothes and hair. By using metals such as gold (in ancient times), silver, brass, and precious stones, these ornaments are made in the most beautiful way. In the past, it was very common to make traditional jewelry with silver, but due to its high price, today metals such as brass and brass are used. Since childhood, Turkmen women are familiar with all kinds of gold, silver and decorative stones and adorn themselves with them. Many of them decorate their clothes and accessories with handmade ornaments to make it spectacular.
Other handicrafts of Turkmenistan are traditional ornaments
In the eyes of the Turkmens, the use of jewelry is not only for self-decoration and decoration, but it is also very important from an economic and cultural point of view. Culturally, the ornaments of the Turkmens make noise due to the different pendants when moving, which shows that it is a part of their culture. Charms and scrolls that carry prayers and Quran frames that are hung around the neck clarify the religious aspects of the use of ornaments among Turkmens. Turkmen women have special ornaments to decorate their hair, and they also hang ornaments on their hats and heads. Turkmen men also use their own special ornaments such as silver and gold rings, silver belts, daggers and horse whips. It is worth mentioning that by using these handicrafts of Turkmenistan, children's toys and their clothes are also decorated with ornaments.
> Turkmen clothing:
It is probably not possible to relate the Turkmen clothing to a specific period with all the details compared to the clothing of Iran's historical periods. The combined elements of different historical periods have caused the clothing of different Iranian ethnicities to be seen. Keep in mind that what existed in a historical period or what entered Iran in some periods, has always been changed with a certain thinking or found a hybrid form following the change of a political period. Therefore, in order to discover the connection between them, it is necessary to conduct continuous historical, social, political and... the time of the arrival of Islam) and its changes in Iran can be seen. In its appearance, the Turkmen buruk is similar to the Timurid era sweatbands or the hats of the Timurid court ladies and its decorations are similar to the Turkmen women's Al-Danqi along with its special metal ornaments.
Among the different periods of Iran, the components of Turkmen clothing are considered to be handicrafts of Turkmenistan
> Financial felt:
The simplest type of carpet is called felt, which is easy to produce and does not require a special machine for its production, and it is mostly prepared by the skilled hands of felters, and due to the beauty of its patterns, it is now one of the most popular handicrafts in Turkmen society. Is. Although hand-woven carpets and machine-made carpets have caused felt to be less used among the people, but now in the whole of Turkmenistan, this art, as a beautiful heritage of the handicrafts of the past of the Turkmen people, enjoys respect and an important position in addition to This felt has become an ornament of handicrafts exhibitions, museums, galleries and general stores, in every Turkmen home, felt is widely used as a decoration. The application of this product is for such factors as covering the floor of the room, the hall, covering the gazebo, covering the horse, saddle top, etc.
Felt is one of the handicraft products of Turkmenistan with a history of 1000 years
> needlework:
Another handicraft of Turkmenistan is needlework, which is done entirely by women and girls. They embroider on children's sweatpants and pants cuffs, around the collar and on the sleeves of women's shirts with colorful threads, with precision and elegance, and create beautiful patterns. Among other handicraft products of Golestan province, we can mention pottery and ceramic making, arts related to wood such as inlaying, inlaying and instrument making, carpet design and knitted products.
Needlework is one of the handicrafts of Turkmenistan
> Turkmen handwoven fabrics:
Fabric weaving is one of the other indigenous arts and handicrafts of Turkmenistan. These fabrics are called Keteni. The art of weaving these durable fabrics has been among the Turkmen for centuries and has been passed down from one generation to the next. The reason for the popularity of woven fabrics is their high quality and resistance, and they have found many fans in the region. These fabrics are used for sewing wedding dresses and less used for other purposes because their prices are relatively high.
Fabric weaving is one of the other indigenous arts and handicrafts of Turkmenistan
> Silk weaving:
Silk weaving became popular in Golestan province during the Safavid era. From the distant past, the people of this region produced silk thread by producing silkworm cocoons and used it to weave all kinds of carpets, towels, rugs, etc. A clear example of this Turkmen handicraft is now used in Turkmen silk scarves. Silk fabrics are woven in Golestan province with a hand weaving machine. These fabrics have various colors and are produced in fringed, plain, square and vertical striped designs. Tourists can buy various silk products such as local clothes, scarves, handkerchiefs, towels and tablecloths during their trip.
Silk weaving, which became popular during the Safavid period, is one of the handicrafts of Turkmenistan
> Carpet weaving:
Glim or Plas and in the Turkmen dialect Ovi Dimeh, which is a carpet similar to a carpet, is one of the other handicrafts of Turkmenistan, which is woven at home and limited in the villages of Golestan province. There is a relative similarity between carpet and rug in the texture of tools and raw materials used in the production process. Materials used in the carpet weaving industry are wool, silk, cotton or synthetic fibers, and the raw materials used in carpets and rugs are also like this. In the carpet weaving industry, there are necessary tools such as dar, scissors, needle and rod, which in Turkmen villages mostly have horizontal dars lying on the ground; Dars that occupy almost the entire surface of Turkman's room and turned that room into a carpet weaving workshop.
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